Bulletin of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. National security
Bulletin. National security
Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка
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THEORETICAL BASICS OF ENSURING ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE REGION IN CRISIS SITUATIONS
Background. The essence of the concept of economic security of the region is considered. The role and importance of economic security in the processes of regional development is substantiated. An assessment of the security of the country's regions was carried out and mechanisms for ensuring the security of the regions were proposed. This scientific research was carried out in order to study the theoretical aspects of economic security. The paper examines the theoretical aspects of economic security, the mechanism of ensuring economic security. At the current stage of economic development, great attention is paid to the issue of ensuring the economic security of the entire national economy Methods. To achieve the goal, such scientific methods were used as: analysis, comparison, substantiation, generalization of information, systematization of theoretical and practical material regarding the economic security of the region; classification (creating a system that combines disparate phenomena according to a single principle) to distinguish areas of economic security, factors and threats. Results. The growth of the influence of a wide range of challenges, dangers and threats of various nature on the economy of the regions has been revealed. The need for constant improvement of the forms and methods of timely financial support of the anti-crisis management system of the regions is substantiated. Conclusions. Theoretical approaches to the definition of economic security are considered. The author's approach to the consideration of the concept of economic security of the region is proposed, based on the selection of a complex of economic threats to which regions are most often exposed in modern conditions. Priorities of regional development in the field of risk management of crisis situations with the use of scientific, organizational, and economic measures are proposed. The prospects for the development of the economic mechanisms of the regional system of safety of the population's vital activities are substantiated.
regional economic security, Zaporizhzhia Oblast, national security, external and internal threats
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THE ROLE OF UKRAINE IN ENSURING EUROPEAN SECURITY
Background. This paper is dedicated to exploring the role of Ukraine in ensuring European security. Key aspects of Ukraine's interaction with European partners and its contribution to addressing contemporary security challenges and threats in the region are examined. With the strengthening of geopolitical and economic ties in the modern world, Ukraine's role in European security has become pivotal. In the context of integration into European structures and active participation in international initiatives, Ukraine influences the formation of a secure space on the continent. Methods. The research is based on the analysis of diplomatic and political events, the assessment of the effectiveness of Ukraine's interaction with European countries, and the study of strategies and measures aimed at strengthening European security through Ukraine's involvement. Results. The study reveals that Ukraine plays a crucial role in ensuring security in Europe through its active participation in international peacekeeping missions, the development of strategic partnerships with European countries, and the implementation of reforms to enhance the efficiency of its security systems. Conclusions. Ukraine plays a key role in shaping and strengthening European security. Its efforts in collaborating with European partners and participating in international initiatives are significant factors for stability and security in the region, requiring further development and deepening of strategic partnerships.
Ukraine, European security, geopolitics, joint security initiatives, peacekeeping missions, cyber threats, hybrid warfare
TRANSFORMATION OF UKRAINE TO EUROPEAN AND EURO-ATLANTIC STANDARDS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR
Background. Today, European integration and the Euro-Atlantic course are the main and unchanging foreign policy priority of Ukraine and the choice of the Ukrainian people, which is directly enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine. The experience of European integration processes and the implementation of Ukraine's Euro-Atlantic course in the context of war is unique. Despite Russia's armed aggression, being in a deep migration and economic crisis as a result of the war, Ukraine has gained the status of an EU candidate, received a package of recommendations from NATO on priority reforms before accession, and has not stopped and continues pro-European reforms in various areas, deepening international cooperation, implementing the provisions of the Association Agreement and the recommendations of the European Commission. Despite the turbulence in almost all spheres of state and society as a result of Russia's military intervention, it should be acknowledged that the country's European integration processes have not stopped and have even accelerated, having received incredible support from Ukrainian society, as evidenced by the results of sociological research by the Razumkov Centre. While in March 2021, 59 % of citizens believed that Ukraine should join the EU, in October 2022, 79 % shared this opinion. At the same time, while in previous years, doubts about their European identity prevailed among citizens, in October 2022, 63 % said they felt like Europeans, and that they belonged to the culture and traditions of the European community. At the same time, when considering the security factor, most researchers and Ukrainians in general believe that it is the Euro-Atlantic vector of Ukraine that should ensure it. From 29 September to 9 October 2023, the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) conducted its own all-Ukrainian public opinion poll, Omnibus. According to the results of previous KIIS polls, 82 % of respondents agree that Ukraine's future as a prosperous and free country depends on whether it becomes a member of the EU (February 2023). At the same time, 92 % of Ukrainians would like Ukraine to become a member of the EU, and 89 % would like it to become a member of NATO (May 2023). That is, there is currently a consensus in society to support European and Euro-Atlantic integration, and if the focus of the survey shifts towards the security factor, 54 % of Ukrainians believe that NATO membership is currently a higher priority in terms of security. The relevance of the research topic is primarily due to the need to summarise certain aspects of the long-term experience of formulating and implementing Ukraine's foreign policy towards European integration, to identify the main stages of the Euro-Atlantic and European integration strategy and to highlight the problematic issues and peculiarities of the current state of Ukraine's relations with the European Union and the Alliance in the context of Russia's armed aggression. Methods. The following methods were used in the research: general scientific; methods, logical; comparative; sociological; structural-functional, as well as practical methods such as monitoring, comparative and quantitative content analysis, etc. Results. The paper examines the state, problems and prospects of Ukraine's European integration and Euro-Atlantic aspirations. The main external and internal factors shaping the foundations of Ukraine's European integration and alliance policy and the main stages of integration processes that have already been implemented, launched and are being implemented in the context of the armed military conflict are systematically considered. Conclusions. Having examined Ukraine's main steps towards European integration, it should be concluded that Ukraine is actively working to realise its European ambitions and is gradually approaching EU membership, while the policy of approximation to the European Union is forming a new generation of managers who will be ready to work systematically to implement European approaches and norms in Ukraine, which will help ensure Ukraine's security, economic development and the formation of a democratic, rule-of-law state based on a European identity. EU membership opens up opportunities for active cooperation with other member states, exchange of experience and implementation of best practices. The exchange of experience is important and useful not only for Ukraine, but also for EU and NATO member states. After all, none of the EU and NATO member states currently has such a wide range of experience, not only theoretical but also practical, in reforming a state in a state of economic crisis, unstable security situation and even armed aggression. Ukraine has much to learn and much to teach its Western partners. Today, humanity is facing the largest terrorist organisation in the world - Russia. And now this terrorist organisation poses a threat not only to Ukraine but also to the entire Western world. Therefore, the European transformation of Ukraine in the context of confrontation with such an insidious enemy is of utmost importance for the states of the European and Euro-Atlantic world.
Transformation, European integration, Euro-Atlantic process, geopolitical course, international cooperation, foreign policy
THE IMPACT OF THE FULL-SCALE INVASION OF RUSSIA INTO UKRAINE ON THE SECURITY OF THE REGION: URBICIDE AND ECOCIDE OF UKRAINIAN CITIES
Background. The concepts of urbicide and ecocide are key in russia's war against Ukraine, as they mean a planned attack on the created urban and ecological environment. Although the concepts are quite new and attracted attention only at the end of the 20th century, in Ukraine, they began to be actively discussed in scientific circles only with the full-scale invasion of russia and the spread of war throughout the territory of our country. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of the full-scale invasion of russia into Ukraine on February 24, 2022, on the security of the region from the standpoint of considering the concepts of urbicide and ecocide of Ukrainian cities and settlements. The main tasks of the work involve the characterization of the concepts of urbicide and ecocide; understanding the peculiarities of urbicide and ecocide in Ukraine, and offering certain recommendations for the implementation of relevant programs to mitigate the consequences of such processes. Methods. Qualitative methods of a non-standardized nature, focused on revealing cause-and-effect relationships, involve meaningful analysis of sources regarding the subject of research (discussion). Results. The author considered the phenomenon of urbicide and cited three types of situations that allowed dividing the understanding of urbicide into natural, anthropic, and symbolic. It was found that Ukraine is characterized by anthropogenic urbicide as a result of russia's military actions. According to statistical data and official information from the Minister of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine, direct damage to the country's residential and non-residential property from the actions of the aggressor reached $127.0 billion for six months of the war, and for almost a year of the war, the consequences of ecocide amounted to more than $46 billion. Moreover, ecocide, as an instrument of severe crimes against humanity, for this reason alone is the most dangerous criminal act, standing out from a number of anthropogenic environmental disasters. Conclusions. Although the regulation of ecocide in international law is provided for only in the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or any other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques, there are no clear references to urbicide in international and humanitarian law. That is why developing competent national institutions capable of coping with the various challenges of urbicide and ecocide is a prerequisite. Also, this institutional development needs greater international cooperation with such participants as the UN, the EU, and the World Bank.
urbicide, ecocide, direct damage, housing stock, infrastructure, environment
CONCEPTUALIZING THE TRANSFORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY INSTITUTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FORMATION OF A NEW WORLD ORDER
Background. The formation of a new world order raises the issue of global security. Today, 9 countries possess nuclear weapons. They are unofficially called the "nuclear club". They include: The United States of America, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the French Republic, the People's Republic of China, the Republic of India, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, and the State of Israel, which does not officially confirm the presence of nuclear warheads. Given the growing confrontation between these states, in particular the United States, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the French Republic on one hand, and the Russian Federation, the People's Republic of China, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea on the other, the question arises of a mechanism for deterring, controlling, and preventing a conflict that, without exaggeration, could become the last conflict of human civilization. It is also necessary to take into account other threats and challenges that directly affect global security, such as climate change, migration, the threat of famine, soil degradation, lack of drinking water, etc. International security institutions can and should act as such structures. Today's security organizations cannot perform these security functions, so there is an urgent question of their transformation in order to increase their ability to ensure and maintain global peace and order. The purpose is to study the transformation of international security institutions in the context of the formation of a new world order. The object of study is international security institutions. Methods. The research methods used are modern general and special methods of scientific research, including, in particular: analysis was used to process scientific and analytical sources; structural and functional - to study the actors of the international security system; inductive and deductive - to analyze and summarize information on the subject of the study; forecasting and synthesis methods were used to formulate conclusions and recommendations based on the results of the study. Results. The author reviews scientific and analytical works on the issues of the formation of a new world order and the transformation of international security institutions. The author emphasizes the issues that constitute the main problem of transformation of international security institutions in the context of the formation of a new world order. At the same time, the author states that the analysis of research and publications by domestic and foreign scholars on the change of global security players in the new environment allows to conclude that, at present, during the rapidly changing global security situation, they have not substantively studied the transformation of existing security institutions. Further, based on the analysis of the current security situation in the world and the impact of existing international security institutions on it, the researcher showed the main directions that, in his opinion, are aimed at understanding the transformation of international security institutions in the context of the formation of a new world order, and therefore at ensuring global security. Conclusions. The study has led to the following conclusions: the analysis of the works of domestic and foreign scholars and analysts has made it possible to outline the main existing problems with the activities and possible transformation of international security institutions in the context of the formation of a new world order and to state that more attention should be paid to it in order to ensure international peace and stability. The analysis of the current international situation has shown that the activities of the existing international security organizations in the context of global transformations do not meet current requirements and do not contain clearly defined ways to address this issue, and therefore require reflection and initiation of measures to transform international institutions into more effective and efficient international security bodies for ensuring and maintaining security. The study also notes that the involvement of the scientific and political community in the processes of transformation of international security institutions in the context of the formation of a new world order is an important aspect of enhancing the status, role, image and authority of international security organizations.
international security institutions, transformation, new world order, international security, globalization
PROSPECTIVE DIRECTIONS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT TO ENSURE ENERGY SECURITY OF UKRAINE
Background. The largest part of human history considered waste and its reuse an essential aspect of economic activity, even when this aspect has become almost invisible in the age of modernization, industrialization, and mass production. A full-scale war in Ukraine due to the invasion of Russia becomes a critical phase of the review of the waste management process to ensure energy security. The latter is critical for Ukraine in connection with constant missile attacks, the destruction of the country's energy infrastructure, and the appearance of a significant amount of waste. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to analyze prospective directions of waste management to ensure Ukraine's energy security. The object of the study is the concept of waste management as a means of ensuring energy security. Methods. The author applied a scientific literature review, analysis and systematization of existing theoretical ideas about energy security and waste management. Results. The term energy security remains quite new, and in Ukraine, in connection with a full-scale war, it gained the most publicity and attracted the attention of various individuals, from the population to global world leaders. As of November 2022, the amount of losses in the energy sector of Ukraine, together with the losses of utility companies and the heating utility, exceeded 9 billion dollars. Although the issue of waste management to ensure energy security is new for our country, the author of the article noted that the main vectors of implementation can be considered the following: introduction of proposals to separate norms of the current legislation of Ukraine; development of projects of local normative legal acts, in particular, statutes of territorial communities; development of separate Regulations on interaction with business structures in territorial communities; making changes to regulations of local councils, etc. Conclusions. The issue of energy security is of primary importance, and the management of waste generated and growing as a result of the war on the territory of Ukraine will become an effective tool for ensuring Ukraine's energy security. Moreover, waste as a resource will be able to create energy for EU countries.
energy security, environment, waste management, waste-to-energy technology, full-scale war
STRUCTURE, FORMATION AND CAUSES OF CIVIL SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT
Background. Civil society is an environment where a modern person satisfies his needs legally, develops his individuality, comes to an awareness of the value of group actions and social solidarity; that is, these are the living conditions of people in which their individual interests are realized and where there is no place for subordination. Methods. The research methods used are modern general and special methods of scientific research, including, in particular: analysis was used to process scientific and analytical sources; inductive and deductive - to analyze and summarize information on the subject of the study; forecasting and synthesis methods were used to formulate conclusions and recommendations based on the results of the study. Results. It is noted that the forms of associations that make up the structure of civil society and characterize the diversity of its social practices reflect the broadest palette of economic, legal, family, cultural and other needs and interests of people (social groups), are created exclusively with the aim of satisfying or fulfilling their diverse interests. It is justified that the goal of civil society is to achieve freedom as a condition and way of self-existence of a person as an active and full member of the community. It turned out that the result of the functioning of civil society is, on the one hand, the development and complication of various social relations and ties (economic, social, spiritual and cultural, information, political and legal, etc.), and on the other hand, the improvement of a person himself, becoming him equal and responsible participant in this society, the development of creative and professional potential of the person. Conclusions. It has been established that civil society has its core institutions, the task of which is to maintain and daily clarify the boundaries of civil society with the state through the expansion of social equality and freedom, restructuring and democratization of state institutions. It is determined that the conditions for the functioning of civil society are publicity and the associated wide awareness of citizens, the existence of constitutional guarantees for its existence and the development of relevant legislation. Civil society is considered as a natural space of social interaction, as a free, democratic, pluralistic, legal society, the purpose and center of which is a person (personality) with his private interests and aspirations, a system of relations in which human rights are the highest value.
civil society, state, civil society institutions, social institutions, democratizatio
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF POST-WAR COUNTRIES RECOVER
Background. The article examines conceptual approaches to the post-war recovery of countries after military conflicts, which are characterized by multifacetedness and cover issues from demining the territories of the specified countries to social, economic, political transformations, etc. The purpose of the work The experience of countries reconstruction after the Second World War, namely Germany, Italy, and Japan, is studied. The statistics of the losses of these countries during the war and subsequent gains after the end of the war, which characterize the success of these countries in restoring their socio-economic status, are given. Methods. The article uses a number of general scientific and special methods, in particular, the method of analysis. Results. The influence of international post-war reconstruction programs of European countries, primarily the Marshall Plan, which gave a significant impetus to political, institutional, economic and social transformations, is analyzed. International aid for the recovery and development of Japan was also considered from these positions. Internal success factors related to the formation of an effective domestic policy in the studied countries, which, in combination with international support, created opportunities for these countries to enter advanced economic positions are also given. The experience of the reconstruction of the Balkan countries after the end of the Yugoslav war, in particular Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia, is studied. Conclusions. It was determined that the experience of the post-war reconstruction of Bosnia and Herzegovina is somewhat special, because this country was the most affected by the Yugoslav war. Nor was it entirely successful in the context of economic recovery. It has been studied that Croatia and Serbia managed to achieve successful post-war recovery thanks to the implementation of important political and economic reforms and active cooperation with international institutions. The international experience of post-war reconstruction relevant to Ukraine and the key success factors of this process have been determined.
post-war recovery, international aid, national policy, national security
DIRECTIONS OF APPLICATION OF THE SYSTEMS APPROACH IN THE SYSTEM OF STATE MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY USING AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGIES
Background. The topic of evaluating the application of a systemic approach in the system of state management of environmental security with the use of aerospace technologies became especially relevant for Ukrainian society with the beginning of the war, since military actions caused primary and transboundary impacts on the environment and natural resources and caused risks for ecosystems, the economy of Ukraine and beyond . Therefore, there is a need to join the European and world experience of assessing and restoring disturbed ecosystems by means of a systematic analysis of processes and phenomena in the environment and the formation and implementation of management decisions. This approach implies the need to first carry out environmental monitoring in order to investigate the causes and consequences of the impact on ecosystems, and then to synthesize management solutions aimed at ensuring environmental safety. The modern level of development of science and technology provides an opportunity to apply artificial intelligence systems in environmental safety management systems of regions, enterprises and organizations using aerospace technologies. The purpose of the work is to determine the areas of application of the systemic approach in the system of state management of environmental security with the use of aerospace technologies and the application of artificial intelligence. Methods. The article uses a number of general scientific and special methods. Methods of system analysis, synthesis of management decisions were used to evaluate scientific research and legal acts regarding the formation and functioning of the environmental safety management system; methods of remote data processing, multispectral space images; methods of geospatial modeling, mathematical statistics. Results. The peculiarities of building environmental safety management systems with the use of artificial intelligence and aerospace technologies are analyzed. Currently, the proposed approach of comprehensive assessment of disturbed ecosystems using artificial intelligence is developed and tested in different territories, different types of ecosystems and different data sources, in particular, a demonstration example is presented in this article as well. The use of an environmental safety management system with an intelligent subsystem for supporting the adoption of managerial environmental decisions will be quite useful for the post-war recovery of the territory of Ukraine, environmental protection, balanced environmental management and sustainable development. Further research should be focused on the application of intelligent support systems for making managerial environmental decisions to eliminate environmental risks and improve environmental safety. With the use of a systemic approach, environmental solutions in artificial intelligence systems are considered as a systematic combination of informational, organizational and operational solutions that relate to the following areas of environmental protection and natural resources: assessment and forecasting of the state of atmospheric air; assessment and forecasting of climate change; assessment and forecasting of the state of water resources; assessment and forecasting of the state of biological and landscape diversity, the development of the nature reserve fund and the formation of the national ecological network; assessment and forecasting of the state of land resources and soils; assessment and forecasting of the state of the subsoil; assessment and forecasting of the state of waste management; assessment of the state of objects that pose an increased environmental hazard; assessment and forecasting of the state of industry and its impact on the environment; assessment and forecasting of the state of agriculture and its impact on the environment; assessment and forecasting of the state of energy and its impact on the environment; assessment and forecasting of the state of transport and its impact on the environment; assessment and forecasting of the state of sustainable consumption and production; development of recommendations for state management in the field of environmental protection. Conclusions. The development and implementation of state and regional (industry) environmental safety management systems is possible by applying a systemic approach using aerospace technologies. Such systems should perform the following functions: obtaining environmental information in real time, processing this information, predictive modeling of environmental processes, determining environmental risks (in space and time), providing proposals and recommendations for eliminating adverse environmental situations according to specified indicators (criteria for the effectiveness of the management system). The application in the environmental safety management system involves the implementation of environmental monitoring through a comprehensive remote assessment of the state of disturbed ecosystems and conducting a geospatial analysis of the relevant risks. The use of artificial intelligence is an important, flexible, convenient and useful tool for managing and planning the development of territories. Remote sensing methods using aerospace technologies are of particular importance in the context of large-scale hostilities currently taking place in Ukraine. In many cases, only remote methods using artificial intelligence are able to provide reliable predictive information about the state of ecosystems that are inaccessible or dangerous for ground-based research. The methodological basis of the study of the problem of the formation of the system of management of ecological safety of the environment and natural resources, objects of critical infrastructure should be an intellectual support system for making management ecological decisions, the development of special research methods aimed at obtaining objective and reliable results. Using a systemic approach, environmental solutions in artificial intelligence systems are considered as a systematic combination of informational, organizational and operational solutions related to the protection of the environment and natural resources.
aerospace technologies, public administration, environment and natural resources, environmental safety, environmental monitoring, management system, systemic approach, artificial intelligence
ANTI-CORRUPTION AS THE BASIS OF ENSURING NATIONAL SECURITY OF UKRAINE: SEPARATE ASPECTS
Backgroun. Corruption is considered as a factor of threat to national security and legal order and constitutional values ​​in the country. Problems of combating corruption. According to the data of domestic sociological studies and the international index of perception of corruption (CRI), the current level of corruption in the state was investigated. The purpose of the article is due to the need to highlight innovative ways of improving the anti-corruption management model in the public sector and to present the best practices that were implemented in Ukraine and gave a significant result from the point of view of ensuring state security, in particular in the conditions of Russian aggression. Methods. A combination was used of general scientific (dialectical, systemic analysis, abstraction and concretization) and special (expert assessments, analysis of sociological data, study of program legal acts, establishment of cause and effect relationships) methods that ensure the reliability of the results and conclusions of scientific development. Results. It was found that corruption causes serious damage to the democratic structure of society and is one of the main threats to national security. The roots of corruption lie in the mechanism of exercising state power. The fight against corruption fills activities in the field of state (public) administration with new content. This study focuses on anti-corruption policy and anti-corruption strategy combined with civil control tools. The effectiveness of combating corruption depends on the quality of anti-corruption legislation, the functional capacity of anti-corruption institutions, the sustainable economic development of the country and the integrity of the behavior of public figures and the non-tolerance of corruption by the country's citizens. Conclusions. The main corruption threats to state and national security as a whole are singled out and the essence of corruption threats to state security in socio-economic, national-cultural and informational aspects is revealed. It is substantiated that the effectiveness of countering corruption directly depends on the effectiveness of the anti-corruption strategy. Specific measures to improve the interaction between the state and civil society in the field of anti-corruption are proposed.
anti-corruption, national/state security, anti-corruption program (strategy), best anti-corruption practices
MAIN TRENDS IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (IN THE WORLD SYSTEM)
Background. The vast majority of world events at the end of the 20th century. and the beginning of the 21st century. caused by various conflicts, political and economic instability. This indicates the ineffectiveness of the existing mechanisms for coordinating the interests of the subjects of the system of international relations, and therefore the need to create new mechanisms that would take into account the main trends in the transformation of the system of international relations. Therefore, the identification and comprehensive analysis of the main trends in the transformation of the system of international relations in the context of the prospects for the formation of new centers of global and regional influence on the formation of the international agenda is an urgent task, as it allows to clarify the outlines of the architecture of the world order for the long term. The purpose of the work is to identify and comprehensively analyze the main trends in the transformation of the system of international relations in the context of the prospects for the formation of new centers of global and regional influence on the formation of a new world order. Methods. The article uses a number of general scientific and special methods. So, in particular, when researching such international institutions as the EU, NATO, SCO and BRICS, the comparison method was used. Using the method of analysis, the most obvious trends of modern international relations were determined. Results. The peculiarities of the formation and functioning of the system of international relations (world order) in certain historical periods in the context of defining world events are analyzed. It was found that the main determinant of the formation of the specified world order systems was the so-called redistribution of the world, namely the rejection (annexation, seizure) of certain territories from some countries and their entry into others. Globalization and informatization of all spheres of social life lead to an increasing dependence of states on each other. This prompts the creation of a new system of international relations (world order), which would be able to respond more adequately to the specified threats without the use of force instruments. Conclusions. Analysis of the general context of the formation of a new system of international relations suggests that the formation of a multipolar system should be completed in the near future, which will lead to a certain stabilization in the field of international relations, which are currently largely in a chaotic state. At the same time, Ukraine, which is currently at war with Russia, faces an extremely difficult task of winning the chance to become a full-fledged subject of the new system of international relations (new world order).
System of international relations, world order, world centers of power influence, international security, national security, global governance
ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY AS A MECHANISM OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT OF STATE COMPETITIVENESS IN THE CONTEXT OF NATIONAL SECURITY OF UKRAINE
Background. Economic diplomacy plays an important role not only in the system of diplomatic relations but also as an effective mechanism of public administration in the sphere of national security. Therefore, the article is devoted to the study of the potential of economic diplomacy as a mechanism of public administration for strengthening the competitiveness of Ukraine in the situation of the unfolding of full-scale Russian aggression and the global crisis. The authors analyze the current trends and challenges in the field of economic diplomacy, as well as define its place and role in the system of national security of Ukraine. Methods. To achieve the aim of the research, several theoretical and practical scientific methods were used, namely, the method of scientific abstraction, monographic, dialectical, historical-logical, structural-logical, abstract-logical methods, and methods of analysis and synthesis. The authors also use comparative and case-study analysis to study the experience of other countries in applying economic diplomacy. Results. The authors consider economic diplomacy as a set of actions of the state, which aim to protect and promote its economic interests in the international environment, especially in crises that require a broader vision of these interests in the context of national security. The main principles, methods, and tools of economic diplomacy are defined, as well as their effectiveness and drawbacks are analyzed. The authors argue that economic diplomacy is an important factor in increasing the efficiency of the national economy and its adaptation to modern challenges. They also examine the specificity of the economic diplomacy of Ukraine, which suffered significant losses as a result of the aggression of Russia and needs to develop a new strategy of development. The authors highlight the main directions and priorities of economic diplomacy of Ukraine, as well as evaluate its potential and prospects. Conclusions. The authors offer recommendations for improving the organization and communicative capacity of economic diplomacy of Ukraine, in particular, regarding the attraction of international assistance, expansion of trade and economic relations, deepening of economic integration with the European Union, resolution of economic conflicts, and formation of a positive image of the country. The authors also emphasize the necessity of ensuring coordination and synergy among different actors of economic diplomacy, as well as enhancing the professional training and qualification of economic diplomats.
economic diplomacy, national security, public administration, communication, state competitiveness, Ukraine, European Union, global crisis
ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STATE POLICY OF UKRAINE ON THE WAYS OF REINTEGRATION OF THE TEMPORARILY OCCUPIED TERRITORIES
Background. The territorial integrity, inviolability of the borders of the state and national interests are some of the basic tenets of the country's existence. Changes to internationally recognized borders are possible only if a national referendum is held or after the country's leadership signs a relevant international legal act ratified by the international community and its immediate neighbors, as well as after it is announced in the official press and websites, on the platforms of the UN, the EU and other internationally recognized organizations. Currently, since February 24, 2022, part of the territory of Ukraine has been occupied by the Russian Federation so far, and their forced integration into its legal framework continues. Given the above, existing laws of Ukraine are not being fulfilled, illegitimate laws and requirements are being forcibly applied in the occupied territory, property is being seized and re-registered, etc. These will require the decision-making process to update and develop new organizational and legal frameworks of state policy adapted to modern standards in order to prepare for the reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories into the Ukrainian sphere of authority and the return of the population to a full life in the Ukrainian legal, social and economic fields as well as other ones. The goal of the research is to study the ways of reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine in order to determine their main directions for improving the efficiency of high-quality integration of the temporarily occupied territories in the light of the formation and implementation of state policy. The object of the research is the organizational and legal framework of Ukraine's state policy on the reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories. Methods. The research are modern general and special techniques of scientific cognition, including: analysis – for processing scientific and legal sources; structural and functional – for studying the subjects of the human security system and their competence; inductive and deductive – for analyzing and summarizing information on the subject of the research; prediction and synthesis – for formulating conclusions and recommendations based on the results of the research. Results. The author reviews the latest scientific and analytical papers on the organizational and regulatory framework of Ukraine's State policy on reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories. Research highlights the issues that constitute the main problem of achieving the reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories and the ways proposed for their solution. Following that, based on the analysis of legislative and regulatory acts governing the activities of public authorities and local self-government bodies, the author outlines the functions and authorities which, according to him, are aimed at solving the issues of reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories and, consequently, at guaranteeing the security of Ukrainian citizens. Conclusions. The research has led to the following conclusions: the analysis of the works of domestic scholars and analysts has made it possible to identify the main areas of the state policy on reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories and to conclude that more attention should be paid to it to achieve the restoration and further progressive development of Ukraine. The analysis of the law has shown that the legislative acts do not contain clearly defined objectives for the formation and implementation of the state policy on reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories. However, the analysis has led to the conclusion that only a close relationship between the executive and legislative branches, as well as the system of state and local governments, non-governmental institutions and citizens, will lead to the high-quality implementation of the state policy on the reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories. That, in turn, allows us to identify them as subjects of achieving the reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories, given that their powers in this area are directly related to its support. The study also noted that the involvement of public structures in the processes of developing state policy is an important aspect of increasing the role of citizens and their associations in security issues.
temporarily occupied territories national interests, sphere of influence, reintegration, United Nations, organizational and legal framework
FORMATION OF THE SYSTEM FOR ENSURING INFORMATION-PSYCHOLOGICAL SECURITY AS AN ELEMENT OF NATIONAL SECURITY: THEORETICAL ASPECT
Background. Today, the dominant factor that determines the level of global and national security is the transformation of the international relations system and national and international security systems in all spheres of modern society. Simultaneously, there is a destruction of existing systems and the creation of more effective ones in responding to contemporary security challenges. One of them is the system of ensuring the information-psychological component of national security. In its formation, a number of interdependent factors should be taken into account, including the peculiarities of the dynamics of information-psychological security challenges through the prism of implementing the potential of destructive strategic communications at the national, regional, and global levels, as well as the trends in the formation of a multipolar world. The necessity of this a system is primarily due to the emergence and influence of new threats of an information-psychological nature on individual, group, and public consciousness. The goal of the article is to define the range of tasks for developing the theoretical foundations for the formation of a system to ensure the information-psychological component of Ukraine's national security. Methods. Systemic, synergistic, dialectical logic, comparative, structural-functional methods, and generalization were used. Results. The practical value of the expected scientific results lies in the fact that the obtained theoretical provisions, conclusions, and suggestions can be used to solve theoretical and practical problems related to ensuring the information-psychological security of individuals, society, public administration and administration subjects in various spheres of their activities, as a determining condition for ensuring sufficient effectiveness of Ukraine's national security system under modern statehood conditions. Conclusions. The study of information-psychological security is a complex problem of modern society that requires further research. It is important to identify threats, develop a conceptual model, and a system of measures to ensure information-psychological security. The results of the research and the development of the concept of the system of ensuring information-psychological security can contribute to the creation of effective strategies and policies in the field of information security, which will help ensure national security and sustainable development of society.
National security, information-psychological security, national security system, information security, public administration, sustainable development
BASIC PREREQUISITES AND COMPONENT FORMATIONS WORLD ORDER
Background. This scientific research is aimed at the analysis and determination of the main conditions, factors and elements of the formation of the world order, such as globalization processes, the balance of forces, the balance of national interests and legitimacy; to highlight the key aspects of this issue in the global political system and geopolitical situation against the background of modern transformations of the world order. Important issues related to the impact of global and other civilizational factors on the dynamics of political relations between countries, strategies for ensuring stability and conflict resolution are studied. In the context of the complexity of modern international relations, critical disagreements on worldview positions, values and identity, growing globalization, aggravation of world crises and the emergence of new threats and challenges of a planetary scale, the main purpose of this study is to determine the prerequisites, key factors, factors and components that influence on the formation of a stable and effective world order, the development of recommendations for further research on this topic and the necessary practical steps. Methods. The article uses a number of general and special methods of scientific research. Literary and content analysis and critical review of sources; analysis of the opinions of experts and political figures - made it possible to highlight key aspects and trends related to the research topic. The case study method was used to study specific situations and historical examples of changes in the geopolitical environment and their impact on transformational processes in the world order. The comparative analysis of the selected information and the systematic approach made it possible to understand the interrelationships and the influence of various prerequisites and components on the formation of a sustainable world order. The modeling method was applied to determine the abstract forms of the desired result. Results. The current geopolitical situation and security environment in the world were analyzed in the article. Modern trends in globalization processes and the main prerequisites for the transformation of the world order are highlighted, the main problematic issues are identified, the solution of which is a necessary condition for the formation of an effective system of the world order and ensuring its viability and stability. The interdependence between the elements of the specified system and other factors of social organization, their influence on including the cultural and ideological factor. The results of the study indicate that the main categories of the mentioned issues are legitimacy, balance of power and balance of national interests. The basis of the problem is the issue of achieving the legitimacy of the world order and the balance of national interests of states in the absence of a general consensus of the world community and misunderstandings in worldview concepts, generally accepted basic values, principles, and goals of general development. Conclusions. The study focuses on the need to maintain a balance between national interests and the global needs of humanity, and on establishing the legitimacy of the entire framework of the world order. Cooperation and the formation of an international system based on mutual respect and interdependence are key elements of the success of the process of achieving the set goal. An important task for the entire world community is the search for real opportunities and effective mechanisms for harmonizing and balancing the national interests of states, values and worldview concepts of nations and peoples in the face of global challenges and threats.
geopolitics, world order, globalization, balance of power, national interests, foreign policy
CURRENT CHALLENGES OF STRATEGIC TRADE CONTROL OF MILITARY AND DUAL-USE GOODS IN UKRAINE
Background. The problem of strategic trade control of military goods and dual-use goods is complex but not new. At the same time, it is worth noting the insufficiency of the scientific study of theoretical foundations and the determination of practical measures for effective strategic trade control of military and dual-use goods in Ukraine at the state level and in scientific institutions to avoid the spread of goods and technologies for non-peaceful purposes. Currently, the full-scale war on the part of the russian federation on the territory of Ukraine creates certain challenges of strategic trade control of goods of military purpose and dual use, which require consideration. The object of the study is the strategic control of military goods and dual-use goods in Ukraine. The purpose of the work is to study the strategic control of military goods and dual-purpose goods in Ukraine. Methods. The article uses several general scientific methods, namely analysis and synthesis to reveal the essence of export control of goods and technologies for dual and military purposes. The analysis was also used to study scientific literary sources. The comparison method was also used to study the current challenges of strategic trade control of military goods and dual-use goods during military operations. Results. Strategic trade control includes export control and is actively used in the international scientific and practical field. However, the concept of export control is enshrined in Ukrainian legislation. However, strategic trade control is a much broader concept. The terms of strategic trade control or export control and dual-use goods were characterized. The challenges of strategic trade control in Ukraine in the field of trade in military goods were investigated. Among the main ones, it is worth mentioning the challenges to the state's economic and information security related to the identification of dual-use goods, "weaknesses" in implementing sanctions against Russia, and improper identification examination. However, the Ukrainian government has simplified the procedure for importing some dual-purpose goods to ensure the required level of resistance and protection during hostilities. Appropriate recommendations were also made for improving the mechanism of strategic trade control in Ukraine. Conclusions. Thus, in war conditions, the trade in military goods and technologies requires improvement and proper strategic trade control.
dual-purpose goods, strategic trade control, identification examination, WTO
ASSESSMENT OF THE CAPABILITIES OF THE DEFENSE AND SECURITY FORCES OF UKRAINE IN THE FIELD OF STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS
Background. The article analyzes an expert survey of editors and journalists of the Ukrainian mass media, that evaluates the strategic communications of the defense and security forces of Ukraine, primarily the Armed Forces. These communications affect the whole range of attitudes: the Ukrainians' morale, faith in victory, Ukraine's success in the informational war with russia both locally and in other countries; NATO's and EU's willingness to aid Ukraine and their citizens' attitude to the russo-ukrainian war. Methods. The study of the effectiveness of the strategic communications of defense and security forces of Ukraine was conducted on the basis of a survey of journalists and heads of the Ukrainian mass media, who provided Likert scale based assessments based of various aspects of the communication activities of the defense and security forces. Results. The results show both high ratings and positive feedback regarding the law enforcement agencies' dissemination of information via social networks. Also, Ukrainian mass media actively use international sources, when the official structures of the Security Service of Ukraine maintain a regime of silence or other restrictions for various reasons, justified under the martial law in a country at war. Ukrainian editors and journalists rely on the materials of the Institute for the Study of War, the Ministry of Defense of Great Britain and British Intelligence, the Bellingcat's joint journalistic investigation, a number of leading publications, such as The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, The Financial Times. They publish extensive analytical materials based on assessments and forecasts that allow a better understanding of the context of the policies of democratic countries (in particular, the USA, EU, Great Britain), especially regarding aid to Ukraine. ConclusIons. The official communications of the defense and security forces of Ukraine are characterized by promptness, regularity and modern approaches. A high level of trust in the military demonstrates the possibility of more professional and detailed materials on the course of battle actions, like analytical materials, interviews with direct participants, commanders and fighters.
Information war, informational and psychological operations, info ops, efficiency criteria, media
WAYS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL SUPPORT OF STRATEGIC PLANNING IN THE SPHERE OF NATIONAL SECURITY OF UKRAINE
Background. Information and analytical support of strategic planning is a system that unites all other elements of the organization into a single whole, forms the process of strategic planning as a continuous series of management decisions aimed at achieving strategic goals. The organization's planning process is the process of evaluating and analyzing information. The quality of management decisions depends on the quality of information in terms of content, time and processing ability. The question arises of a consistent solution to three groups of problems associated with both the analysis of the current state of human civilization, international and military-political relations, the strategic situation, and the likely forecast of their development, which consists in: − system analysis of forecast scenarios for the development of human civilization, on the basis of which should be the allocation of the most likely scenarios for the evolution of human civilization and in the future to form scenario vectors of development of international relations; − system analysis of forecast scenarios for the development of international relations in the broad context of political, economic, military, socio-demographic, financial, information, scientific, technical and other factors; − systematic analysis of forecast scenarios for the development of the military-political situation as one of the subsystems of the military-political system of the international situation and the basis for developing scenarios for the transformation of the strategic situation. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodological approach to assess the effectiveness of information and analytical support for strategic planning in the field of national security of Ukraine. Methods. The theory of fuzzy cognitive models was chosen as the basic mathematical apparatus in the proposed study. Results. The methodical approach to increase the efficiency of information and analytical support of strategic planning in the sphere of national security of Ukraine is proposed. Conclusions. Proposals to improve the effectiveness of information and analytical support for strategic planning in the field of national security of Ukraine were developed. Implementation of these proposals will increase the efficiency of information and analytical support due to: creation (increase) of appropriate legal foundations for information and analytical support of strategic planning in the field of national security of Ukraine; providing budget allocations for the implementation of information and analytical support for strategic planning in the field of national security of Ukraine to public authorities; creation and further expansion of the system of training specialists of information and analytical support of strategic planning in the field of national security of Ukraine; to coordinate interaction between mining units of the intelligence community and analytical units of situational centers of the state and regional levels; increase the efficiency of decision-making by persons taking them through the introduction of modern methods of processing various types of data, as well as increase the reliability of decisions made by them by increasing the number of information sources.
information and analytical support, strategic planning, efficiency, public administration
PECULIARITIES OF THREATS TO THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF UKRAINE in conditions of globalization
Background. The article examines the processes of globalization that are taking place in the world and have a critical impact on Ukraine's economic security. It is indicated that globalization processes don't only bring positive changes, but also, at the same time, create unfavourable conditions for the economic security of the state. Methods. A number of general and special methods of scientific research were used in the research. Thus, in the study of the legal framework of the security sphere, the dialectical method was used, which allowed to isolate economic threats. With the help of a systematic method, a set of threats to the economic security of Ukraine was investigated, and in the conclusions, recommendations were proposed for the application of measures to counteract the negative impact on the economic security of Ukraine. Results. The current state of economic development requires an adequate response to these challenges in order to ensure stable development in a competitive position of the national economy of Ukraine. It is with globalization that traditional threats to economic security are complicated, and new ones emerge that are directly related to globalization. The phenomenon of economic security from different approaches is analysed and it is determined that economic security is a state of economy provided by effective methods of prevention and solution of potential and existing threats to the internal and external environment of the country. It is pointed that today there is an issue of creating new models of national economic security that would meet the requirements of the time and would be derived from modified global threats. The current legislation of Ukraine identifies the main real and potential threats to Ukraine's national security, including in the economic sphere, at the present stage. Conclusions. From the mentioned above we can conclude that the current conditions of state security are characterized by new requirements and threats that require improvement and implementation of new measures to counter the negative impact of major threats to economic security. Due to it is important today to improve the system of state regulation in the field of economic security.
national security, economic security, threats to economic security, globalization, globalization challenges
THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL GUARANTEES IN THE STATE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM
Background. The article examines the modern role of the democratic state in ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens, in particular with regard to social protection. Taking into account the broad obligations that the state bears to citizens, special attention is paid to the system of legislative, institutional and organizational support for the realization of these rights and freedoms. The background context of the study notes the relevance of the problem of social protection in modern society. The main goal of the study is to determine the role of social protection in the social security system and to justify its importance in the context of public administration. Methods. The article uses a number of general and special methods of scientific research to study the system of social protection of the population. Dialectical method: made it possible to single out a false understanding of the organizational support for the construction of the state's social protection policy. System method: made it possible to investigate the social and economic content of social protection, as well as to systematize its determinants. Comparative method: was used to study the approaches of different authors to the definition of the concept of "social protection". Generalization method: was used to provide own understanding of the concept of "social protection" based on the analysis of previous studies and comparison of different approaches. Results. The article analyzes the social protection of the population and reveals a number of determinants that characterize these concepts. The main results of the study include the following: Social protection involves the mandatory participation of the state through a minimally determined level of state support for certain categories of the population that are in a situation of social risks and have a standard of living lower than the average in society. The system of social standards determines not only the realization of individual rights, but also ensures the implementation of these rights by the state. Conclusions. The study points to the important role of social protection in the formation and development of a full-fledged personality and social potential, which contributes to increasing the intensity of socio-economic processes in the state. The introduction of the social protection system opens up the possibility of consolidating the resources of vulnerable segments of the population and their return to active socio-economic activity, which contributes to considering the costs of social security as social investments.
safety, social protection, social potential, security guarantees, social risks
ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL PRINCIPLES OF THE SYSTEM OF PROVIDING HUMANITARIAN SECURITY
Background. In the conditions of large-scale Russian military aggression in the Ukrainian state, the place of humanitarian factors in social development is being rethought. The key priorities for the implementation of state policy in this area should be the development of education, science, culture, ideological and patriotic education, highlighting their role in ensuring humanitarian security in Ukraine. The goal is research based on the analysis of domestic legislation on the functions and powers of the subjects of the humanitarian security system. The object of the study is the system of ensuring humanitarian security and its organizational and legal foundations. Methods. Research methods are modern general and special methods of scientific knowledge, including: analysis - for processing scientific and legal sources; structural and functional - for the study of subjects of the humanitarian security system and their competence; inductive and deductive - for analysis and generalization of information on the subject of research; forecasting and synthesis - for formulating conclusions and recommendations based on the results of the research. Results. The author reviewed the latest scientific and analytical works devoted to the issue of humanitarian security. The issues that constitute the main problems of ensuring humanitarian security in certain areas and the ways proposed for their solution are noted. At the same time, the author of the article states that the analysis of researches and publications of domestic scientists devoted to humanitarian security allows us to come to the conclusion that the system of ensuring humanitarian security and its organizational and legal foundations have not been objectively studied by them. Next, consistently, on the basis of the analysis of legislative and normative legal acts, which regulate the activities of state authorities and local self-government bodies, the researcher singles out the functions and powers that, in her opinion, are aimed at solving problematic issues in the humanitarian sphere, and therefore at ensuring humanitarian security. Conclusions. The conducted research made it possible to reach the following conclusions: the analysis of the works of domestic scientists and analysts made it possible to single out the main directions of ensuring state policy in the humanitarian sphere to ensure the humanitarian security of the state and to state that it should be given more attention to ensure the formation of national consciousness and awareness of the national identity of citizens, as well as restoration and further progressive development of Ukraine. The analysis of the legislation proved that the legislative acts do not contain clearly formulated tasks regarding the formation and implementation of the state policy of ensuring humanitarian security, their main attention is focused on the issues of the formation and implementation of the state humanitarian policy. However, the analysis made it possible to consider the above-mentioned subjects as an extensive system of state authorities and local self-government bodies, non-state institutions and citizens, who are entrusted with the functions of forming and implementing state humanitarian policy. Which, in turn, allows us to identify them as subjects of humanitarian security, given that their powers in the humanitarian sphere are directly related to its provision. In the course of the study, it was also noted that the involvement of public structures in the processes of developing state policy is an important aspect of increasing the role of citizens and their associations in issues related to ensuring humanitarian security. It is worth noting that the study of foreign experience on the raised issues is promising for further exploration
national security, humanitarian security, security system, organizational and legal principles, functions and powers
DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFECTIVE CONTROL SYSTEM OVER CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS IN EUROPE: RESEARCH ISSUES
Background. The existing system of international relations is rapidly changing. The outlines of a new world order are gradually being defined. At the same time, there has been a persistent trend of decreasing effectiveness in existing mechanisms for ensuring global and regional security, despite occasional attempts to modernize them. The conventional arms control system in Europe is one such mechanism. This system is currently effectively destroyed and can no longer serve as a significant factor in ensuring overall European and global security. Therefore, an important scientific task is the development of theoretical foundations for establishing a new system of conventional arms control in Europe that would adequately respond to security challenges to international security. A crucial prerequisite for successfully addressing this task is primarily determining approaches and objectives for developing theoretical foundations for an effective system of conventional arms control in Europe, i.e., delineating the research problem within the context of identifying and comprehensively analyzing the key factors that must be considered when constructing the mentioned system. The goal of this work is to identify the approaches and tasks (problem field of research) for developing the theoretical foundations of an effective system of control over conventional weapons in Europe. Methods. The article employs a range of general scientific and special methods. System analysis, historical-legal analysis, and comparison methods were used to evaluate scientific research and normative legal acts concerning the formation and functioning of the system for controlling conventional weapons in Europe. International legal acts and practical experience were used as the normative and empirical basis for the study. Results. The state and peculiarities of the evolution of the system for controlling conventional weapons in Europe have been analyzed. It has been established that the formation of a multipolar system of international order necessitates the transformation of existing mechanisms for harmonizing national interests and responding to challenges to regional and global security, which underlines the need to create a new system of control over conventional weapons in Europe. The relevance of developing the theoretical foundations for this system has been substantiated as a key precondition for establishing a reliable framework for European and global security and responding to global challenges, including possible armed conflicts. A series of interrelated scientific tasks that outline the problem field for developing an effective system of control over conventional weapons in Europe have been identified. Conclusions. The increasing quantity and intensity of challenges to global and regional security stemming from the formation of a new world order indicate that the international community will need to build a fundamentally new system for controlling conventional weapons in Europe in the near future. Therefore, it is important to develop the theoretical foundations for this system. Moreover, Ukraine should become.
Conventional arms control systems, international relations system, world order, international security, national security, challenges to regional and global security